Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a novel protein that has been implicated in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism under fasting and ketotic conditions. In murine models, FGF-21 is predominantly expressed in liver, but it also expressed in adipose tissue and pancreatic β-cells. FGF- 21 stimulates glucose uptake in adipocytes. It also protects animals from diet- induced obesity when overexpressed in transgenic mice and lowers blood glucose and triglyceride levels when administered to diabetic rodents. When administered daily for 6 weeks to diabetic rhesus monkeys, FGF-21 caused a dramatic decline in fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, triglycerides, insulin, and glucagon. Furthermore, elevated plasma FGF-21 concentrations in humans appear to be related to the presence of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance. Adiponectin has been shown to be critical in mediating the beneficial metabolic actions of FGF-21.
Relevant recent publications:
1. Stressed Liver and Muscle Call on Adipocytes with FGF21. Luo Y, McKeehan WL. Front Endocrinol 2013 18;4:194
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