Serum Amyloid A (SAA) is a family of apolipoproteins associated with high-density lipoprotein in plasma. There are 4 different isoforms of SAA, named SAA1 to SAA4, encoded by 4 distinct genes. SAA are produced predominantly by the liver. The main functions of SAA include the transport of cholesterol to the liver for secretion into the bile, the recruitment of immune cells to inflammatory sites, and the induction of enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix.
SAA is a kind of acute phase marker that responds to inflammatory stimuli. Levels of acute-phase SAA increase within hours after inflammatory stimulus, even for trivial inflammatory stimuli. The result for an SAA test is positive when the SAA level exceeds 10 mg/L.
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