β2-Microglobulin(β2-MG), is a small-molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, with a molecular weight of 11,800 and a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 99 amino acids. It is the β chain (light chain) portion of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) on the cell surface. It contains a pair of disulfide bonds in the molecule and contains no sugar; similar to the structure of the immunoglobulin stable region. It is widely found in plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and colostrum. Normal human β2-microglobulin synthesis rate and release from the cell membrane are fairly constant. Β2-microglobulin can be freely filtered from the glomerulus, 99.9% is absorbed in the proximal tubules, and in renal tubular epithelial cells Decomposition and destruction; therefore, the emission of β2-microglobulin is very small under normal circumstances.
β2-MG mainly reflects glomerular filtration dysfunction, urine β2-MG mainly reflects renal tubular reabsorption function impairment. It also can be used as a tumor marker for some people with blood cell cancers (multiple myeloma, ly -mphoma) to give information about their likely prognosis. The health refere- nce of β2-MG is 0.8-2 mg/L in blood and 0.11-0.32 mg/L in urine.
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