INTRODUCTION
α1-Microglobulin (A1M), also known as Protein HC, is a type of small globular protein containing 167 amino acids, which can be found in bloodstream and extravascular tissues of all organs. It is produced mainly in the liver and is broken down in the kidney. This low molecular weight protein can be filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed and catabolized by the proximal tubular cells.
The level of A1M is useful in screening for tubular abnormalities and detection of chronic asymptomatic renal tubular dysfunction. In healthy subjects, the concentration of A1M is < 30 mg/L in serum, or the ratio of A1M and creatinine in the urine is over 0.7 mg/mmol. Higher than this range is indicative of renal dysfuction, including acute kidney failure, glomerular disease and diabetic nephropathy?
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